An introduction to Aluminum alloy material
Aluminum alloy is a combination of aluminum with other elements such as silicon, iron, copper, and magnesium, … It has good ductility, and a convenient melting point for production.
In addition, AL alloy is resistant to corrosion, has high strength, good polishability, and does not fade over time, widely used in construction architecture, industry, and some consumer goods.
To get a high-quality finished aluminum product, the selection and evaluation of aluminum extrusion materials are the most important. Usually, the raw materials to meet this aluminum extrusion process are often imported in the form of raw ingots, also known as billets.
Classification of aluminum alloys
When making aluminum, it is common for manufacturers to add alloys (such as Cu, Mn, Mg, Si, Sn, Zn) to improve some of the properties of aluminum. However, based on the method of fabrication and use, we can divide it into two main groups: Wrought alloy, and Cast alloy.
The easiest way to distinguish these two groups is that: Cast aluminum alloys are made by fusing bauxite (bauxite) ore in a furnace, then the pure aluminum is separated and poured into a mold with alloying elements to create the desired casting workpiece, the process is quite complex and energy consuming. Whereas, forged aluminum alloy is made by smelting aluminum ingots and alloying elements, then casting into large plates before rolling, forging or pulling into billets of different shapes. Here, cast aluminum alloys usually contain more alloying elements, lower melting points, and lower strength than forged aluminum due to the failure to eliminate all casting defects. Therefore, in fact, about 85% of the alloys used are forged alloys.
Characteristics of alloying elements
The basic alloying elements used to improve the properties of aluminum alloys include Cu, Si, Mn, Mg, and Zn. Here are the properties of each element:
Copper (Cu): Improves durability and shaping ability.
Silicon (Si): Reduces melting temperature, increases flow dilution, and improves casting properties.
Manganese (Mn): Increases strength and toughness.
Magnesium (Mg): Improved durability, and corrosion resistance.
Mg / Si: Increases strength, formability, and tensile properties.
Zinc (Zn): When combined with Mg and Cu, it improves durability.
In addition, several other elements such as Cr, Zr, V, Ni, Ti, and Sc help smooth the grain organization. Elemental Fe helps to reduce residual stress. Element: Se, Bi, Pb, Sn: Improves mechanical machinability but reduces weldability.
Common Aluminum alloys
- 6061 alloy
- 6063 alloy
- 7075 alloy
- 8020 alloy
- 6061T6 alloy
Notable Aluminum characteristics
- Aluminum oxidation
- Specific heat of aluminum
- Aluminum corrosion
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