CNC machining process
Step 1:
The CNC machining process begins with a designer creating a 2D vector or a 3D solid part CAD drawing. Once the CAD file is complete, the designer sends it off to an engineering firm for generating a 3D model or rendering of the part. A CAD program will then allow engineers and manufacturers to produce a 3D model of the part and its technical specifications, including dimensions and geometries. Designers and manufacturers often use CAD programs to create models of parts and products for manufacturing purposes. These designs are usually restricted by the capabilities (inability) of the CNC machines and tooling. For instance, most CNC machine tools are cylindrical, therefore the part geometrics possible via the CNC process is limited because the tooling creates curved corners. Also, the properties of the materials being machined, the tooling design, and the workholding capabilities of the machines further limit the design possibilities, such as minimum part thicknesses, maximum part size, and the inclusion and complexity of internal features. After the CAD design is complete, the designer exports it as a CNC-compatible format, like STEP or IGES.
Step 2:
The CAD design file is sent to a CAM system, which converts the CAD file into a format that the CNC machine understands. This allows the CNC machine to interpret the instructions given to it by the programmer. Once the CNC machine receives the CAD file, it performs its calculations to determine how to cut the material. Some programs allow the user to create a virtual assembly line, which shows the path the material should follow during the cutting process. This helps the operator see exactly what will happen to the piece before it begins to be cut. If there are any problems with the design, the CNC machine can stop the job and ask the operator if he or she wants to try again. If the problem cannot be fixed, the CNC machine may automatically adjust the parameters and continue processing the design. Once the program is generated, the user will load it into the CNC software.
Step 3:
Before running the CNC program, operators need to prepare the CNC machine. They can attach the workpiece directly to the machine, attach it to the spindle, or attach it to the vise. Once the machine is ready, the operator can run CNC programs.
Step 4:
The CNC program is the software that tells the CNC machine what to do. It sends messages to the machine telling it to move forward, turn left, stop, etc. When you start the program it will tell the machine to go ahead and start machining. It will also remind you if there is something wrong with your program. If you accidentally hit “stop” instead of “start” it will let you know about it.
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